Land- versus water-walking interventions in older adults: Effects on body composition

ObjectivesIncreasing physical activity is a priority worldwide, including for older adults who may have difficulty performing traditional forms of exercise, and for whom retention of muscle mass is an important consideration. Water-based exercise may provide an alternative if benefits are comparable. We compared the impact on body composition of 24-week water- versus land-walking interventions in healthy but inactive older adults.DesignRandomised, controlled trial.Methods72 participants (62.5 ± 6.8 yr) were randomised to a land-walking (LW), water-walking (WW) or control (C) group in a supervised centre-based program. The exercise groups trained 3 times/week at matched intensity (%HRR), increasing from 40–45% to 55–65% heart rate reserve (HRR). Height, weight, body mass index (BMI), waist and hip girths were recorded; dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) provided fat and lean tissue masses. Participants were re-assessed 24 weeks after completion of the intervention.ResultsThere were no significant changes in body mass or BMI following either exercise protocol, however central adiposity was reduced in both exercise groups, and the WW group increased lower limb lean mass. These benefits did not persist over the follow-up period.ConclusionsExercise can confer beneficial effects on body composition which are not evident when examining weight or BMI. Both WW and LW improved body composition. Water walking can be recommended as an exercise strategy for this age group due to its beneficial effects on body composition which are similar to, or exceed, those associated with land-walking. For benefits to persist, it appears that exercise needs to be maintained.     

猪小肠黏膜下层脱细胞修复补片修复手部软组织缺损的效果分析

目的 对比应用新型再生可降解生物材料猪小肠黏膜下层脱细胞修复补片(SIS)与植皮术在修复手部软组织缺损的治疗效果.方法 2017年12月至2018年12月,共收治手部软组织缺损36例,根据缺损面积与治疗方法分为两组:补片组21例,软组织缺损面积2.0 cm×1.5 cm^9.0 cm×3.5 cm,平均5.3 cm×2.1 cm,采用SIS治疗;植皮组15例,软组织缺损面积9.0 cm×4.0 cm^16.0 cm×9.0 cm,平均12.0 cm×8.5 cm,采用中厚皮片植皮治疗.观察两组治疗方法促进软组织缺损愈合的效果,记录术后14 d、21 d、28 d、3个月创面区愈合情况,并随访评估创面区愈合后的外观、色泽、弹性、感觉恢复与部分肌腱外露的治疗效果.结果 本组36例均获随访,随访时间3~10个月,平均5个月.两组创面均完全愈合,外观、色泽接近,皮肤弹性及感觉均恢复良好.补片组感觉恢复优14例(66.6%),良5例(23.8%),差2例(9.6%);植皮组感觉恢复优9例(60.0%),良4例(26.0%),差2例(14.0%).创面愈合效果补片组优14例,良5例,差2例;植皮组愈合优9例,良4例,差2例.结论 SIS能快速、有效的刺激机体再生出表皮组织,并且新生的表皮经过生长与周围皮肤颜色无明显差异,无明显瘢痕增生,是一种手部小面积浅表软组织缺损的理想修复材料.     

Fibromatosis ovárica: “signo de la guirnalda negra”

The main objective in the imaging differential diagnosis of an ovarian mass is to establish whether it is cystic or solid; solid lesions are less common. Ovarian fibromatosis is a benign disease of the ovary that is rarely included in the differential diagnosis of solid ovarian lesions. Characteristic features of masses that have a fibrous component are low signal in T1-weighted MRI sequences and especially in T2-weighted MRI sequences. The presence of peripheral fibrotic tissue around the residual ovarian tissue is specific to ovarian fibromatosis; on MRI, this results in marked hypointensity on T2-weighted images that has been dubbed the “black garland sign”. This sign, together with slight peripheral enhancement after the administration of contrast material and the preservation of the ovarian architecture, facilitates the diagnosis, making it possible to avoid unnecessary surgical interventions.     

傣族药产地生态适宜性分析与产业发展策略

适宜性产区能够保障傣族药的品质,然而有关植物类傣族药适宜生态因子及适宜产区的研究目前较为匮乏。本研究利用中药材产地适宜性分析地理信息系统(GMPGIS)对植物类傣族药进行全国产地生态适宜性分析,首次提出了植物类傣族药主要分布区域的生态因子范围和主要土壤类型,如年均温8. 6～23. 7℃,年均降水量1 212～1 881 mm,年均日照149. 7～157. 4 W·m-2,主要土壤类型为强淋溶土、冲积土、高活性强酸土等。以179个采样点为基础,通过生态相似性分析得到植物类傣族药在全球范围内的最大生态相似度区域,主要包括中国、巴西、美国、缅甸、老挝等国家。在中国主要集中在云南的西部和南部,包括西双版纳傣族自治州、德宏傣族景颇族自治州普洱市、保山市、临沧市具有较大的适宜栽培区域。除此之外,本文通过分析傣族药人才匮乏、傣族药资源日益减少、文化传承具有局限性、科学研究薄弱等问题,并提出了通过傣族医药高素质人才培养、傣族药资源调研和保护工作、推进傣族药资料古籍的搜集整理、加强傣族药基础研究和应用研究等策略促进傣族医药发展。本研究为指导植物类傣族药生产基地合理布局、引种繁育等提供依据,为高品质傣族药的科学规范化生产奠定基础。     

蜘蛛香环烯醚萜部位干预CUMS致抑郁小鼠脑组织的1H-NMR代谢组学分析

目的:利用代谢组学技术分析慢性温和不可预知应激(CUMS)抑郁模型小鼠脑组织样本,寻找与抑郁相关的差异代谢物,探讨蜘蛛香环烯醚萜部位(IEFV)可能的抗抑郁作用机制。方法:42只昆明小鼠随机分为6组,包括正常组,模型组,氟西汀组(2.5 mg·kg-1),IEFV低、中、高剂量组(给药剂量分别为5.73,11.47,22.94 mg·kg-1)。采用CUMS对小鼠造模,以IEFV及阳性药(氟西汀)为干预药物,用行为指标和生化指标进行药效学评价。采用核磁共振氢谱(1H-NMR)代谢组学技术分析IEFV对CUMS抑郁模型小鼠脑组织中内源性物质的影响,结合多变量统计分析方法来确认差异代谢物,并对差异代谢物参与的代谢通路进行富集。结果:造模后,小鼠的不动时间大幅度提高、蔗糖偏好率明显下降,兴奋性神经递质5-羟色胺和去甲肾上腺素显著下降,表明造模成功。给予IEFV和氟西汀后,小鼠不动时间、蔗糖偏好率和兴奋性神经递质向正常水平回调,提示给药后抑郁状态得到了一定程度的缓解。脑组织中内源性代谢物主成分分析(PCA)结果显示,模型组可与正常组明显分开,同时IEFV低、中、高剂量组和氟西汀组均显示有偏离模型组向正常组靠拢的趋势,与行为学结果一致。模型组与正常组进行正交偏最小二乘法-判别分析(OPLS-DA)得到了16个变化显著的差异代谢物,包括12个水溶性差异代谢物和4个脂溶性差异代谢物。通过MetPA数据库分析得到7条潜在靶标代谢通路,包括三羧酸循环(TCA),牛磺酸和亚牛磺酸的代谢,丙氨酸、天冬氨酸和谷氨酸代谢等。IEFV高剂量组可显著回调11种差异代谢物。结论:IEFV可能主要通过影响能量代谢,氨基酸代谢和神经递质水平发挥抗抑郁作用,可为IEFV抗抑郁作用机制的深入研究提供参考依据。     

Comparative pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of cryptotanshinone,tanshinone IIA,dihydrotanshinone I,and tanshinone I after oral administration of pure tanshinones and liposoluble extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza to rats

Salvia miltiorrhiza is one of the most commonly used traditional Chinese medicines in the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Cryptotanshinone (CTS), tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA), dihydrotanshinone I (diTan I), and tanshinone I (Tan I) are the main active compounds in the liposoluble extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza. The differences in the pharmacokinetic and tissue distribution behaviors of the four tanshinones after oral administration of the liposoluble extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza and pure compounds are not clear. This study aims to compare the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of the four tanshinones after oral administration of pure tanshinone monomers and the liposoluble extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza. An ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS) analysis method was developed for the determination of the four tanshinones. The results showed that the AUC and C_max of tanshinones in rats receiving the extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza were significantly increased compared with those receiving the pure tanshinones. In the tissue distribution experiments, the AUC of the four tanshinones in the extract was much greater than the AUC of the monomers in the lung, heart, kidney, liver, and brain, and the coexisting constituents particularly promoted the distribution of tanshinones into tissues that the drug cannot sufficiently penetrate. These findings suggested that the coexisting constituents in the liposoluble extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza play an important role in the alteration of plasma concentration and tissue distribution of the four tanshinones. Understanding these differences could be of significance for the development and application of Salvia miltiorrhiza extract and tanshinone components.